讓我們直接用例句來了解介系詞在句子中的功能。
We are having a party on my birthday.
在本例句中介系詞是on。介系詞"on"在前面的是這句話的主要意思(we are having a party),而在它後面的是這句話關於時間的資訊(my birthday)
因此,on就扮演了主要意思和時間部分的中介角色→所以我們就把這種詞類稱為介系詞
除了時間之外,介系詞也可以作為主要意思和方法、原因、目的、有無、條件等資訊之間的中介角色,以下會以資訊類別分類介紹說明。
1.表示方法、手段
by (藉由)+交通工具 可用來表示所使用的交通工具
by car/ by boat/ by taxi
He likes to travel by cruise.
他喜歡以郵輪的方式旅行。
by (藉由)+傳達方式 可用來表示所使用的傳達、溝通方式
by phone/ by e-mail
The young generation likes to keep in touch with friends by Facebook.
年輕人喜愛用Facebook和朋友保持聯繫。
by (藉由) + Ving 可用來表示藉由某動作來達成目的
by smiling/ by practicing
The baby gets his parent's attention by crying.
那個嬰兒用哭來吸引父母的注意。
with (用)+肢體或工具
He hit the guy with his fists.
他用拳頭打了那個人一頓。
He hit the guy with a bat.
他用棒子打了那個人一頓。
2.表示原因
for (為了)+原因
He thanked his friend for the help.
他感謝朋友的幫助。
for (為了)+目的
He went to the United Stated for watching NBA.
他為了看NBA專程去了美國。
because of/due to (因為)+原因(名詞)
The department store is full of people because of the big sale.
The department store is full of people due to the big sale.
那間百貨公司因為大特價而擠滿了人。
with+(名詞)
The kid is trembling with fear.
這個孩子因為害怕而顫抖著。
3. 表示時間
in+月份/年份 (在…) in May/ in 2014
The station will be completed in 2015. 車站將會在2015完工。
in+時間長度 (在…時間之內) in two weeks/ in 10 days
I think John will arrive in 5 minutes. 我覺得John應該再過五分鐘就會到了。
by+時間點 (在…之前) by next Monday, by March 15th
Please hand in the report by next Wednesday. 請在下週三之前交報告。
for+時間長度 (為期) for one month/ for half year
The exhibition will be displayed for twon months. 這個展覽將會展出兩個月。
since+時間點 (自從) since last year/ since I was 10
I have been learning Japanese since 2010. 我從2010年就開始學日文了。
during+期間 (在…期間) during summer vacation/ during the break
I have a lot of homework to do during summer vacation. 我在暑假期間有很多功課要做。
4. with/without 伴隨著有或沒有 帶有或沒有
可用來表示條件
I can't do it without your help. 沒有你的幫忙我是無法做到的。
We can arrive on time with fast traffic. 交通順暢的話我們就可以準時抵達。
也可用來表示有無
I want a room with an ocean view. 我想要有海景的房間。
He left without saying goodbye. 他沒說再見就先走了。
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